The invention discloses a calibration system for a multi-channel pyrometer. The system comprises a gas gun, a bracket unit standard lamp, an optical fiber, a multichannel pyrometer and an oscilloscope; a head of the optical fiber and the standard lamp both are arranged on the bracket unit, the standard lamp is located between a gun muzzle of the gas gun and the head of the optical fiber, and the standard lamp and the head of the optical fiber are located on a horizontal middle line of the gun muzzle of the gas gun; the optical fiber is connected with the multi-channel pyrometer, and the multi-channel pyrometer is in data transmission connection with the oscilloscope; the multi-channel pyrometer comprises a case, and a narrow-broad band interference filter and a straight line focusing typephotomultiplier arranged in the case, the optical fiber, the narrow-broad band interference filter and the straight line focusing type photomultiplier are in one-to-one correspondence to form one measurement channel, and a plurality of measurement channels are provided. The calibration system for the multi-channel pyrometer can calibrate an output strength value of each measurement channel throughthe standard lamp to obtain a response coefficient of known radiation energy, and consequently obtains response of the multi-channel pyrometer to the known radiation energy of each measurement channel.