An apparatus for surface modification of a polymer, metal and ceramic material using an ion beam (IB) is disclosed, which is capable of supplying and controlling a voltage (220) applied to a material to be surface-modified so that an ion beam (IB) energy irradiated to the material is controlled, differentiating the degree of the vacuum of a reaction gas in a portion of a vacuum chamber in which the ion beam is irradiated from that in a portion in which the ion beam is generated, and also being applicable for both-side irradiating processing and continuous processing.