A color three-dimensional (3D) printing apparatus configured for forming a colored 3D object is provided. The color 3D printing apparatus includes a stage, a first printing unit, a second printing unit, a color inkjet printing unit, and a curing unit. The first printing unit is configured for providing the stage with a first material. The second printing unit is configured for providing the stage with a second material, and a gap remains between the first material and the second material. The color inkjet printing unit is configured for providing the gap with a colored pigment. The curing unit is configured for curing the colored pigment to form the colored 3D object, and the colored 3D object is composed of a plurality of colored object units stacked together. A color 3D printing method is also provided.