A method and equipment based on multi-core fiber Bragg grating (FBG) probe for measuring structures of a micro part are provided. The provided method relates to how to accomplish measuring structures of a micro part by transforming two or three-dimensional contact displacements into spectrum shifts of the multi-core FBG probe, and to reconstruct the structure geometry of a micro part. The provided equipment can be used to bring the spherical tip of the multi-core FBG probe into contact with a micro part, to determine coordinates of contact points, and to reconstruct the structure geometry of a micro part. The provided method and equipment feature high sensitivity, low probing force, high inspecting aspect ratio and immunity to environment interference.