A capacitive transducer includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the substrate including a through wire extending therethrough between the first surface and the second surface, and a cell on the first surface, the cell including a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode with a gap between the first electrode and the second electrode. Conductive protective films are disposed over surfaces of the through wire on the first surface side and the second surface side of the substrate.