Disclosed are a snapshot-type polarized hyperspectral camera and an imaging method. The camera comprises polarizers (11), an image sensor (12), and a spectra filter (13). The spectra filter (13) is located on the image sensor (12). The polarizers (11) are located on one side of the image sensor (12). The method comprises: shielding and transmitting incident light by means of polarizers (11), so as to obtain light signals (101) with different polarizing angles; receiving, by means of an image sensor (12), the light signals with different polarizing angles, which are obtained by the polarizers (11), and converting the light signals with different polarizing angles into electric signals (102); and receiving, by means of a spectra filter (13), the electric signals converted by the image sensor (12), and filtering the electric signals, so as to obtain high-frequency electric signals (103) with a preset wavelength. By integrating a spectra filter (13) on a tiled pixel array of a sensor, a rapidly changing scene can be imaged; and meanwhile, by sticking a plurality of polarizers (11) into each channel with a specific wavelength, more exquisite imaging is realized.