A sensor comprises a substrate having a first surface; a cap structure connected to the substrate, the cap structure configured to define a cavity between an inner surface of the cap structure and the first surface of the substrate, the cap structure configured to block infrared radiation from entering the cavity from outside the cap structure; a plurality of absorbers, each absorber in the plurality of absorbers being connected to the first surface of the substrate and arranged at a respective position within the cavity and configured to absorb infrared radiation at the respective position within the cavity; and a plurality of readout circuits, each readout circuit in the plurality of readout circuits being connected to a respective absorber in the plurality of absorbers and configured to provide a measurement signal that indicates an amount of infrared radiation absorbed by the respective absorber.