The present invention provides an escalator braking system and an escalator braking control method, belonging to the field of escalator braking control technology. In the escalator braking system and the escalator braking control method according to the present invention, a braking mode is determined based on the classification of failure information in combination with the corresponding image information, and a braking device is controlled based on the braking mode, so that the braking is more intelligent, scientific and accurate, the occurrence of security problems caused by the failure can be effectively prevented, and the probability of accident is reduced.