Some embodiments provide an image sensor color filter array pattern that mitigates and/or minimizes the impact of optical and carrier crosstalk on color reproduction accuracy and/or signal-to-noise, the color filter array comprising a plurality of kernels, wherein each kernel has an identical configuration of color filter elements comprising primary color filter elements corresponding to at least three respective different primary colors, and a plurality of secondary color filter elements. A respective one of the secondary color filter elements is disposed as a nearest neighbor to and between every pair of primary color filter elements of different colors in the kernel, with the respective secondary color filter element representing a secondary color that is a combination of the different colors of the primary color filter elements that are nearest neighbors to the respective secondary color filter element.