An adhesion element with variable surface adhesive force comprises a substrate, a heating layer, a buffer layer and a nanostructure array. The heating layer is formed on one side of the substrate, wherein a temperature of the heating layer is changeable by a power supply. The buffer layer is formed on the heating layer. The nanostructure array is formed on the buffer layer, and the nanostructure array is made of a metallic glass material and comprises a plurality of nanostructures which are spaced apart from one another and together form an ordered array. The plurality of gas chambers are formed by the nanostructure array.