Disclosed are a method and apparatus for processing a HARQ feedback and a method and apparatus for transmitting a HARQ feedback. The method for processing the HARQ feedback includes: receiving ACK/NACK information transmitted by a terminal simultaneously through a PUSCH and a PUCCH; determining whether a specified record exists in a historical record, the specified record being used for indicating that DCI corresponding to uplink grant information has been transmitted, and the uplink grant information being assigned to the terminal on a PDSCH; and decoding the ACK/NACK information on the PUSCH and/or the PUCCH if the specified record exists. Through the present disclosure, the problem that all data that has been successfully transmitted needs to be retransmitted due to a loss of DCI corresponding to the uplink grant information is solved.