According to one aspect of the present invention, a charged particle beam image acquisition apparatus includes a rectangular parallelepiped chamber where a target object is disposed; a primary electron optical column placed on an upper surface of the chamber so that a point of intersection between two diagonal lines on the upper surface of the chamber is located at a center of a horizontal section of the primary electron optical column, a primary charged particle beam optics irradiating the target object with a primary charged particle beam being disposed in the primary electron optical column; and a secondary electron optical column connected to a lower portion of the primary electron optical column, a secondary charged particle beam optics being disposed in the secondary electron optical column and a secondary charged particle beam passing through the secondary charged particle beam optics.