Spectral beam combining systems including a multi-element transform optic. In certain examples the multi-element transform optic includes a first cylindrical optical element having positive optical power in a first axis, a second optical element having negative optical power in the first axis, and a third toroidal optical element having positive optical power in the first axis and either positive or negative optical power in a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis. The first and third optical elements are positioned on opposite sides of the second optical element and equidistant from the second optical element. The multi-element transform optic has an optical path length extending between a front focal plane and a back focal plane that is shorter than an effective focal length of the multi-element transform optic.