An exposure apparatus including: a substrate holder constructed to support a substrate; a patterning device configured to provide radiation modulated according to a desired pattern, the patterning device including a plurality of two-dimensional arrays of radiation sources, each radiation source configured to emit a radiation beam; a projection system configured to project the modulated radiation onto the substrate, the projection system including a plurality of optical elements arranged side by side and arranged such that a two-dimensional array of radiation beams from a two-dimensional array of radiation sources impinges a single optical element of the plurality of optical elements; and an actuator configured to provide relative motion between the substrate and the plurality of two-dimensional arrays of radiation sources in a scanning direction to expose the substrate.