A method for performing data processing for error handling in a memory device, the memory device and the controller thereof, and the associated electronic device are provided. The method may include: programming a codeword of a set of data into a non-volatile (NV) memory, wherein the codeword includes the set of data and a parity-check code; reading the codeword from a volatile memory to generate readout data of the codeword; determining whether the readout data is correct according to the readout version of the set of data and the readout version of the parity-check code; and when determining that the readout data is correct, outputting the readout version of the set of data as the set of data for further usage of the processing circuit, otherwise, sending a predetermined signal to the processing circuit and storing error information regarding the set of data into a register of the controller.