An upper limb exoskeleton rehabilitation device having man-machine motion matching and side-to-side interchanging, includes a chassis bracket assembly, a shoulder girdle abduction assembly, a side-to-side interchanging assembly and a mechanical arm coupling member. The chassis bracket assembly includes a frame and a lifting unit mounted on the frame. The shoulder girdle abduction assembly is mounted on the lifting unit to be driven by the lifting unit to move up and down. The side-to-side interchanging assembly is rotatably connected to the shoulder girdle abduction assembly and the mechanical arm coupling member, and the mechanical arm coupling member is configured to mount the mechanical arm and drive the mechanical arm to rotate with the respective rotating joints. Through an upper locking assembly and a lower locking assembly mounted on the side-to-side interchanging assembly, the side-to-side interchanging assembly is fixed or rotated relative to the shoulder girdle abduction assembly and the mechanical arm coupling member.