The present disclosure provides Raman spectrum detection apparatus and method. The Raman spectrum detection apparatus includes: a laser configured for emitting excited light; an optics assembly configured to guide the excited light along a first light path to a sample to be detected and to collect a light signal from the sample along a second light path; and a spectrometer configured to process the light signal collected by the optics assembly so as to generate a Raman spectrum of the detected sample. The optics assembly includes a first optical element configured to move, during irradiation of the excited light onto the sample, so as to change a position of a light spot of the excited light on the sample.