A polar code construction method, apparatus, electronic device, and readable storage medium, applied to the field of wireless communication technology to reduce the complexity of polar code construction. The method comprises: calculating a weight spectrum corresponding to a polarized channel of a polar code with code length 2N based on the weight spectrum corresponding to the polarized channel with code length N, and MacWilliams identities; calculating, for each polarized channel, a union bound on the error probability of the polarized channel under the condition of additive white Gaussian noise based on the weight spectrum corresponding to the polarized channel and a union bound formula; determining the error probability threshold values based on the union bounds and a measurement method; sorting the error probability threshold values of all the polarized channels in ascending order, and selecting the polarized channels corresponding to the K smallest error probability threshold values.