A method for controlling drilling for rock burst prevention drilling in a coal mine roadway is provided. The method comprises: acquiring rock mechanical parameters of coal mass in surrounding rock of a roadway to be subjected to burst-preventing drilling construction, and calculating a surrounding rock critical softening depth, a critical ground stress and a critical mining peak stress for rock burst initiation in the roadway; calculating a critical mining-induced stress index of the roadway to realize quantification of burst risk; then determining critical conditions for drillhole burst and a quantitative relationship between the critical conditions for drillhole burst and for roadway rock burst initiation; quantitatively determining construction parameters of burst-preventing drillholes according to the surrounding rock critical softening depth, a critical plastic softening zone radius for drillhole burst, and the critical mining-induced stress index; and controlling a drilling machine to operate according to the determined construction parameters.