Methods for simulating orthodontic treatment are provided. In some embodiments, a method includes capturing a first representation, the first representation including a depiction of a patient's teeth. The method can include building a parametric model of the patient's teeth based on the first representation, using one or more case-specific parameters for one or more shapes associated with at least one of the patient's teeth. The method can also include simulating an outcome of a dental treatment plan for the patient's teeth to produce a simulated outcome of the dental treatment plan. The method can further include modifying the parametric model to provide a modified model representing the simulated outcome of the dental treatment plan.