Methods, systems, and articles of manufacture to autonomously select data structures are disclosed. An example apparatus includes an ordinal assigner to assign training code operations to respective first ordered values, and assign candidate data structure types to respective second ordered values, a filter generator to, for a first instruction of the training code operations, generate a Bloom filter bit vector pattern based on (a) one of the first ordered values, (b) one of the second ordered values corresponding to a first one of the candidate data structure types, and (c) a size of the first instruction, a label generator to generate a first model training input feature vector based on the Bloom filter bit vector pattern, data corresponding to the first instruction, and a performance metric of the first one of the candidate data structure types, and a neural network manager to train the data structure selection model with the first model training input feature vector.