Provided are a CQI feedback enhancement method, a CQI feedback enhancement device, a CQI feedback enhancement system, a UE and a base station. The CQI feedback enhancement method includes: a base station sends downlink traffic data to a UE; the UE decodes the downlink traffic data; first information is sent to the base station in a case where an error result is obtained by decoding the downlink traffic data, where the first information includes an NACK instruction and an aperiodic CQI, or the first information includes one NACK state of multiple NACK states and different NACK states correspond to different CQIs; and the base station receives the first information.