A honeycomb structure according to at least one embodiment of the present invention includes: partition walls defining cells each extending from a first end surface of the honeycomb structure to a second end surface thereof to form a fluid flow path; and an outer peripheral wall. The partition walls and the outer peripheral wall are each formed of ceramics containing silicon carbide and silicon. A surface of the silicon has formed thereon an oxide film having a thickness of from 0.1 μm to 5.0 μm.