A Raman spectroscopy probe and a Raman spectroscopy detection device are provided including an optical fiber module, and a magnifying lens group and a detection window sequentially arranged on an optical path thereof, wherein the optical fiber module includes an excitation fiber and parallel collection fibers surrounding a periphery thereof; the magnifying lens group includes sequentially-arranged convex lenses, the detection window is located near an object-distance position of a lens close to a detection end. A distance between two adjacent convex lenses is equal to a sum of former's image and latter's object distance. Focal lengths of the convex lenses in the magnifying lens group are f, and satisfy a ratio of the object distance to the image distance of n:1, and a length L of the magnifying lens group satisfies:





L
=




n
+
2
+

1
n




log
10

⁢
n


·
f
·

log
10


⁢
N


,




wherein






n
=

N
m


,




N is a magnification, and m is a number of the convex lenses.