The present invention provides an earthquake-resistant and seismic-damping multifunction cooperative system for a modular steel structure building, including a building-integrated module and connection joints between building modules. The building-integrated module includes a plurality of building modules. Each building module includes ceiling beams, local high-strength module columns and local high-strength module bottom beams. A cantilever beam section and a middle beam section of the ceiling beam are connected through a ceiling beam rotational friction joint. The connection joints between building modules include vertical building module connection joints, hinge joints between horizontal building modules and frictional connections between horizontal building modules. The adjacent building modules in a vertical direction are connected through the vertical building module connection joint, and the adjacent building modules in a horizontal direction are hinged through the hinge joint between horizontal building modules and connected through the frictional connection between horizontal building modules.