An affine motion estimation (ME) is performed on a current block to determine affine parameters of the current block in a pre-analysis stage. The affine ME is performed based on at least one of (i) a down-scaled current picture and one or more down-scaled reference pictures of the down-scaled current picture, (ii) a simplified configuration, or (iii) a fixed block size of the current block being equal to or larger than a threshold. The affine parameters of the current block determined in the pre-analysis stage are stored. Affine parameters of the current block are determined based on the affine parameters stored in the pre-analysis stage. The current block is reconstructed based on the determined affine parameters of the current block.