Methods, systems, and computer programs are presented for formatting raw text. One method includes an operation for accessing raw text comprising words corresponding to one or more sentences. The raw text is lowercase text without any punctuation. Further, the method includes operations for creating a plurality of sub-words corresponding to the raw text, and for generating, by a machine-learning (ML) model, an output for each sub-word based on the created sub-words. The output for each sub-word indicates a formatting operation for the corresponding sub-word. The method further includes an operation for generating, based on the formatting operations in the outputs for the sub-words, formatted text corresponding to the raw text. The formatted text is text with correct grammar, proper punctuation, and proper capitalization according to a meaning of words spoken by a speaker associated with the raw text.