A system and method for determining at least one of: a disease state, a metabolic state, a clinical outcome, and a disease progression of a test renal or prostate sample. A test Raman data set is obtained from the sample wherein said test Raman data set may comprise at least one of a plurality of Raman spectra and a plurality of spatially accurate wavelength resolved Raman images. The test Raman data set is compared to a plurality of reference Raman data sets using a chemometric technique. For analysis of renal samples, each of these reference Raman data sets may have an associated known renal sample and an associated known metabolic state, clinical outcome, and/or disease progression. For analysis of prostate samples, each of these reference Raman data sets may have an associated known prostate sample and an associated known disease state, metabolic state, clinical outcome, and/or disease progression.