A display device and a method of measuring a surface structure of the same are provided. The display device includes first and second substrates, first and second patterned light-shielding layers, and first and second pixel units. The first patterned light-shielding layer disposed on a surface of the first substrate includes first openings. The second patterned light-shielding layer disposed on the surface of the first substrate in the first patterned light-shielding layer includes second openings. The first pixel unit includes first and second protrusions. The first protrusion correspondingly covers the first openings and a portion of the first patterned light-shielding layer. The second protrusion is disposed in the first and second patterned light-shielding layers. The second pixel unit includes a third protrusion correspondingly covering the second openings and a portion of the second patterned light-shielding layer, wherein sizes of the second openings are smaller than sizes of the first openings.