A composition for preventing and treating fatty liver is disclosed. The composition includes a lactoferrin and a trivalent chromium compound. The trivalent chromium compound of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of chromium (III) chloride hexahydrate, chromium (III) chloride, chromium (III) acetate, chromium (III) sulfate, chromium picolinate, chromium nicotinate, chromium GTF, chromium yeast extract, other inorganic salts of trivalent chromium, other organic salts of trivalent chromium, and combinations thereof. The composition of the present invention can provide a beneficial effect in preventing and treating fatty liver by effectively reducing multiple risk factors of fatty liver disease.