Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for uplink control channel resource configuration. A base station allocates an uplink control channel resource set, and the resource set includes channel resource elements which can be used by acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement ACK/NACK feedback. The base station sends a configuration signaling to a user terminal according to the channel resource elements circumstances included in the uplink control channel resource set and/or that if the uplink control channel resources to be fed back corresponding to a downlink subframe control district Control Channel Element CCE can satisfy all of the antenna ports to process transmission diversity. The user terminal configured with two antenna ports uses the corresponding channel resources to process ACK/NACK feedback according to the configuration signaling. Applying the method, apparatus and system provided by the present invention can solve the problems that the limited feedback channel resources affect the flexibility of Physical Downlink Shared Channel PDCCH scheduling and the complexity of blind tests the user terminal processes for PDCCH.