Disclosed are a catalyst and preparation method and use thereof. The catalyst has a constitution represented as the formula below, wherein, D represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper, magnesium, manganese, stibium and zinc; E represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of tungsten, silicon, nickel, palladium, ferrum and plumbum; Z is selected from the group consisting of SiC, MoO3, WO3, TiO2 and ZrO2; y/x=11.1-50:100; a=0.1-3; b=0.01-5; c=0.01-5; d=0.01-3; e=0.01-2; f is the proportion of oxygen atom balancing the valence. The method comprises: (i) formulating Solution A with molybdenum, phosphorus, and vanadium compounds; formulating Solution B with dissolve potassium compound and a D-containing compound; formulating Solution C with an E-containing compound; (ii) mix Solutions A, B and C under a temperature of −5-10° C.; (iii) pre-calcination (iv) adding graphite powder and the diluting heat-conductive agent, wherein the weight ratio between the diluting heat-conductive agent and the catalyst precursor (y/x) is 11.1-50%; and (v) calcination. x(Mo12PaKbVcDdEeOf)/yZ