A resin-coated aluminum alloy sheet which has a chromium-free surface treatment layer and has a coating film formed by applying an organic resin, and which exhibits excellent adhesiveness and excellent corrosion resistance even after being subject to severe forming such as drawing is provided. A resin-coated aluminum alloy sheet includes: an aluminum substrate having a surface treatment film on at least one surface thereof; and an organic resin film layer formed on the surface of the aluminum substrate. The surface treatment film includes 2 mg/m2 to 100 mg/m2 of zirconium in terms of metal atoms and at least any one of a polyitaconic acid, monosaccharide alcohol and disaccharide alcohol as an aluminum-ion-trapping agent.