An X-ray fluorescence analyzer includes: a measurement device having: an X-ray source that emits an X-ray; an irradiation area restricting member that restricts an area of a measurement sample to be irradiated with the X-ray as a primary X-ray; and a detector that detects a secondary X-ray generated from the measurement sample. The analyzer further includes: a sample stage that holds and moves the measurement sample between a measurement position at which the measurement sample is irradiated with the primary X-ray to detect the secondary X-ray by the detector and a first retracted position at which the measurement sample is retracted from the measurement position; and a calibration sample moving mechanism that holds a calibration sample for calibrating the measurement device and moves the calibration sample between the measurement position and a second retracted position at which the calibration sample is retracted from the measurement position.