The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide capture apparatus having a temperature swing adsorption mode for selective separation of carbon dioxide from flue gases. The carbon dioxide capture apparatus comprises: a carbon dioxide sorption column including a carbon dioxide adsorption unit in which adsorption of carbon dioxide from flue gases occurs; a carbon dioxide desorption column connected to the carbon dioxide sorption column and including a carbon dioxide desorption unit in which desorption of the adsorbed carbon dioxide occurs; a carbon dioxide absorbent repeatedly adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide while circulating through the carbon dioxide sorption column and the carbon dioxide desorption column; and a heat exchange unit in which heat exchange occurs between the absorbent after carbon dioxide adsorption and the absorbent after carbon dioxide desorption.