Provided is a nanoporous cantilever including a substrate in a shape of a plate, a tip formed at a front end of the substrate, and a nanoporous structure formed on the tip. Due to the nanoporous structure including nanopores and nanochannels formed on the tip, the nanoporous cantilever greatly increases in detection sensitivity for a material to be detected when compared to a cantilever according to a related art, and may obtain a surface-enhanced Raman signal and thus achieve discrimination of a molecule to be detected.