A phase sensitive detection mechanism that uses electrical processing is realized, and an optical detection device, an optical detection method, and a program that are capable of detecting faint light at high speed and with high sensitivity are provided by a simple configuration.A light source section generates a first pulsed light. A filter section transmits a second pulsed light formed from a portion of a frequency spectrum exhibited by the first pulsed light, and reflects a third pulsed light formed from another portion of the frequency spectrum exhibited by the first pulsed light. A phase modulation section phase modulates the second pulsed light at plural phases. A multiplexing section produces a fourth pulsed light by multiplexing the third pulsed light with the second pulsed light phase modulated by the phase modulation section. A detector spectrally disperses and detects scattered light generated by radiating the fourth pulsed light onto a target object. An extraction section uses specific calculation processing to synchronize with the phase modulation in the phase modulation section, so as to extract a frequency spectrum of scattered light scattered based on the second pulsed light phase modulated by the phase modulation section from the frequency spectrum of the scattered light detected by the detector.