公开(公告)号：JPH10228524A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-25

申请号：JP30865697

申请日：1997-11-11

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： COPPERSMITH DON ,  RAGHAVAN PRABHAKAR ,  ZIMMERMAN THOMAS G

IPC: G06K19/07 ,  B60R25/00 ,  G06K7/08 ,  G06K17/00 ,  G06K19/04 ,  G06K19/077 ,  G06K19/10 ,  G07C9/00 ,  H04B5/00 ,  H04B5/02 ,  H04B13/00 ,  H04L9/32

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To protect the privacy of user by utilizing a human body as a communication medium for transmitting information concerning the user. SOLUTION: A user 2 activates an automatic teller machine(ATM) 4. The user 2 carries a personal area network(PAN) card 5 such as an EF card with him. The ATM 4 is provided with a control panel 6, and the control panel 6 is provided with a contract for forming electric connection with the user 2. The ATM 4 is connected through a communication link 10 to a receiver module 7 and a processor 8. The PAN card 5 and the processor 8 communicate through a conductive medium of the body of user 2 and the communication link 10, and the identification of user 2 is confirmed. The communication is enciphered for establishing confirmation and security. A transmitter and a receiver communicate in cooperation. Two transceivers are used for bidirectional communication. They are arranged in the card 5 and the processor 8.

公开(公告)号：JP2000219299A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-08

申请号：JP2000018852

申请日：2000-01-27

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： VICTORS BAASUTISU ,  JAMES CAMPHELL COLSON ,  NEIL J EERUWAIN ,  ZIMMERMAN THOMAS G

IPC: G06F13/00 ,  B67D7/14 ,  B67D7/24 ,  B67D7/34 ,  G06Q10/00 ,  G06Q20/00 ,  G06Q30/00 ,  G06Q50/00 ,  G07F7/08 ,  G07F13/02 ,  B67D5/24 ,  G06F17/60

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a means which saves time when trade is performed and provides a control to the practice of a selection. SOLUTION: An vehicle processes trade of a commodity between a vendor computor system and an on-board computor system and the trading data are stored so as to be usable to the vendor computor scarcely requesting a talk with an operator of the vehicle. By using a personal area network technology to be adaptable to the vehicle, the on-board computor system corresponds with the vendor computor system. Sequence of a phenomenon is started by practicing in use a related function by a user like this. The operator connects a fuel nozzle with the vehicle. Then, a trade is performed between the vehicle computor and the vendor computor without being supported by the operator. In the trade, selection of a commodity or a service, direct payment from a cash account for the selected commodity and practicing in use an obstruction sequence when obstruction of the system occurs are included. A trading account can be specific to discrimination of the vehicle or discrimination of the operator.

公开(公告)号：DE69736584D1

公开(公告)日：2006-10-12

申请号：DE69736584

申请日：1997-10-22

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： ZIMMERMAN THOMAS G ,  SMITH BARTON ALLEN

IPC: G05G9/047 ,  G09G5/08

Abstract: A structure is provided for a user-manipulable input device, such as an in-keyboard, joystick-type device, for allowing a user to provide input to a computer graphical user interface (GUI). The structure includes a user-manipulable, articulating member 20, and a plurality of stationary, electrically conductive sensors 30. The articulating member also has an electrically conductive member. The physical disposition of the articulating member and the sensors provides narrow gaps 33, across which are measurable capacitances. As the user manipulates the articulating member, the capacitances change in value. Circuitry produces signals related to the capacitances, and the signals are processed, according to a transfer function, to generate GUI input signals. The sensors are preferably sensing electrodes, incorporated into a circuit board 28. The articulating member is preferably a cone-shaped member 22, having a conductive surface which faces the sensors. The articulating member is mechanically coupled to the board holding the sensors by a flexing member 32 that biases the articulating member to a quiescent position.

公开(公告)号：DE69719919T2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-18

申请号：DE69719919

申请日：1997-09-25

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： COPPERSMITH DON ,  RAGHAVAN PRABHAKAR ,  ZIMMERMAN THOMAS G

IPC: G06K19/07 ,  B60R25/00 ,  G06K7/08 ,  G06K17/00 ,  G06K19/04 ,  G06K19/077 ,  G06K19/10 ,  G07C9/00 ,  H04B5/00 ,  H04B5/02 ,  H04B13/00 ,  H04L9/32

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for encoding and transferring data from a transmitter to a receiver, using the human body as a transmission medium. The transmitter includes an electric field generator, a data encoder which operates by modulating the electric field, and electrodes to couple the electric field through the human body. The receiver includes electrodes, in physical contact with, or close proximity to, a part of the human body, for detecting an electric field carried through the body, and a demodulator for extracting the data from the modulated electric field. An authenticator, connected to the receiver, processes the encoded data and validates the authenticity of the transmission. The apparatus and method are used to identify and authorize a possessor of the transmitter. The possessor then has secure access to, and can obtain delivery of, goods and services such as the distribution of money, phone privileges, building access, and commodities. Encryption provides rapid transmission and authentication of the transmitter, and a plurality of similar transmitters, with minimum vulnerability to counterfeit. Signal processing and digital communication components accommodate variations in location and orientation of the transmitter and receiver, and provide transmitters with long life times and high reliability.

公开(公告)号：MY117650A

公开(公告)日：2004-07-31

申请号：MYPI9704769

申请日：1997-10-10

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： COPPERSMITH DON ,  RAGHAVAN PRABHAKAR ,  ZIMMERMAN THOMAS G

IPC: G06K19/07 ,  B60R25/00 ,  H04L9/00 ,  G06K7/08 ,  G06K17/00 ,  G06K19/04 ,  G06K19/077 ,  G06K19/10 ,  G07C9/00 ,  H04B5/00 ,  H04B5/02 ,  H04B13/00 ,  H04L9/32

Abstract: AN APPARATUS AND METHOD ARE DISCLOSED FOR ENCODING AND TRANSFERRING DATA FROM A TRANSMITTER (5) TO A RECEIVER (7), USING THE HUMAN BODY AS A TRANSMISSION MEDIUM. THE TRANSMITTER INCLUDES AN ELECTRIC FIELD GENERATOR, A DATA ENCODER WHICH OPERATES BY MODULATING THE ELECTRIC FIELD, AND ELECTRODES (16) TO COUPLE THE ELECTRIC FIELD THROUGH THE HUMAN BODY. THE RECEIVER INCLUDES ELECTRODES (18), IN PHYSICAL CONTACT WITH, OR CLOSE PROXIMITY TO, A PART OF THE HUMAN BODY, FOR DETECTING AN ELECTRIC FIELD CARRIED THROUGH THE BODY, AND A DEMODULATOR (20) FOR EXTRACTING THE DATA FROM THE MODULATED ELECTRIC FIELD. AN AUTHENTICATOR (22), CONNECTED TO THE RECEIVER, PROCESSES THE ENCODED DATA AND VALIDATES THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE TRANSMISSION. THE APPARATUS ANDMETHOD ARE USED TO IDENTIFY AND AUTHORIZE A POSSESSOR (32) OF THE TRANSMITTER. THE POSSESSOR THEN HAS SECURE ACCESS TO, AND CAN OBTAIN DELIVERY OF, GOODS AND SERVICES SUCH AS THE DISTRIBUTION OF MONEY, PHONE PRIVILEGES, BUILDING ACCESS, AND COMMODITIES. ENCRYPTION PROVIDES RAPID TRANSMISSION AND AUTHENTICATION OF THE TRANSMITTER, AND A PLURALITY OF SIMILAR TRANSMITTERS, WITH MINIMUM VULNERABILITY TO COUNTERFEIT. SIGNAL PROCESSING AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION COMPONENTS ACCOMMODATE VARIATIONS IN LOCATION AND ORIENTATION OF THE TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER, AND PROVIDE TRANSMITTERS WITH LONG LIFE TIMES AND HIGH RELIABILITY. (FIGURE 1)

公开(公告)号：MY125950A

公开(公告)日：2006-09-29

申请号：MYPI20013856

申请日：2001-08-16

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： SMITH BARTON ALLEN ,  ZIMMERMAN THOMAS G

IPC: G06F3/041 ,  G06F3/03 ,  G06K7/10 ,  G06F3/0354 ,  G06F3/042

Abstract: A DIGITAL PEN (10) THAT HAS AN INK WRITING TIP (28) INCLUDES A LASER (32) ON A PEN BODY (14) THAT DIRECTS LIGHT TOWARD PAPER ACROSS WHICH THE WRITING TIP IS STROKED. A DIFFRACTION GRATING (40) REFLECTS A REFERENCE BEAM (48) AND PASSES A SCATTERED BEAM (36) FROM THE SUBSTRATE (12) TOWARD TRANSLATION DETECTORS (42-46), WHICH CONSEQUENTLY RECEIVE INTERFERENCE PATTERNS OF LIGHT. A PROCESSOR (22) RECEIVES THE SIGNALS FROM THE DETECTORS, GENERATES POSITION SIGNALS, AND STORES THE SIGNALS. ALSO, A BAR CODE DETECTOR (50) RECEIVES A BAR CODE BEAM (38) FROM THE SUBSTRATE, AND A THREE DIMENSIONAL FORCE SENSOR OUTPUTS A SIGNAL REPRESENTATIVE OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL FORCES APPLIED TO THE PEN. SUBSEQUENTLY, THE SIGNALS ARE UPLOADED TO A HOST PROCESSOR (31) WHICH COMBINES THEM TO PRODUCE ROTATION-CORRECTED RELATIVE POSITIONS (IF NO BAR CODED PAPER IS USED) OR ROTATION-CORRECTED ABSOLUTE POSITIONS (IF BAR CODED PAPER IS USED) THAT CAN BE USED TO RENDER ALPHA-NUMERIC CHARACTERS OR GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS.FIGURE 1.

公开(公告)号：ES2189926T3

公开(公告)日：2003-07-16

申请号：ES97307541

申请日：1997-09-25

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： COPPERSMITH DON ,  RAGHAVAN PRABHAKAR ,  ZIMMERMAN THOMAS G

IPC: G06K19/07 ,  B60R25/00 ,  G06K7/08 ,  G06K17/00 ,  G06K19/04 ,  G06K19/077 ,  G06K19/10 ,  G07C9/00 ,  H04B5/00 ,  H04B5/02 ,  H04B13/00 ,  H04L9/32

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for encoding and transferring data from a transmitter to a receiver, using the human body as a transmission medium. The transmitter includes an electric field generator, a data encoder which operates by modulating the electric field, and electrodes to couple the electric field through the human body. The receiver includes electrodes, in physical contact with, or close proximity to, a part of the human body, for detecting an electric field carried through the body, and a demodulator for extracting the data from the modulated electric field. An authenticator, connected to the receiver, processes the encoded data and validates the authenticity of the transmission. The apparatus and method are used to identify and authorize a possessor of the transmitter. The possessor then has secure access to, and can obtain delivery of, goods and services such as the distribution of money, phone privileges, building access, and commodities. Encryption provides rapid transmission and authentication of the transmitter, and a plurality of similar transmitters, with minimum vulnerability to counterfeit. Signal processing and digital communication components accommodate variations in location and orientation of the transmitter and receiver, and provide transmitters with long life times and high reliability.

公开(公告)号：DE69719919D1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-24

申请号：DE69719919

申请日：1997-09-25

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： COPPERSMITH DON ,  RAGHAVAN PRABHAKAR ,  ZIMMERMAN THOMAS G

IPC: G06K19/07 ,  B60R25/00 ,  G06K7/08 ,  G06K17/00 ,  G06K19/04 ,  G06K19/077 ,  G06K19/10 ,  G07C9/00 ,  H04B5/00 ,  H04B5/02 ,  H04B13/00 ,  H04L9/32

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for encoding and transferring data from a transmitter to a receiver, using the human body as a transmission medium. The transmitter includes an electric field generator, a data encoder which operates by modulating the electric field, and electrodes to couple the electric field through the human body. The receiver includes electrodes, in physical contact with, or close proximity to, a part of the human body, for detecting an electric field carried through the body, and a demodulator for extracting the data from the modulated electric field. An authenticator, connected to the receiver, processes the encoded data and validates the authenticity of the transmission. The apparatus and method are used to identify and authorize a possessor of the transmitter. The possessor then has secure access to, and can obtain delivery of, goods and services such as the distribution of money, phone privileges, building access, and commodities. Encryption provides rapid transmission and authentication of the transmitter, and a plurality of similar transmitters, with minimum vulnerability to counterfeit. Signal processing and digital communication components accommodate variations in location and orientation of the transmitter and receiver, and provide transmitters with long life times and high reliability.

公开(公告)号：AT235125T

公开(公告)日：2003-04-15

申请号：AT97307541

申请日：1997-09-25

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： COPPERSMITH DON ,  RAGHAVAN PRABHAKAR ,  ZIMMERMAN THOMAS G

IPC: G06K19/07 ,  B60R25/00 ,  G06K7/08 ,  G06K17/00 ,  G06K19/04 ,  G06K19/077 ,  G06K19/10 ,  G07C9/00 ,  H04B5/00 ,  H04B5/02 ,  H04B13/00 ,  H04L9/32

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for encoding and transferring data from a transmitter to a receiver, using the human body as a transmission medium. The transmitter includes an electric field generator, a data encoder which operates by modulating the electric field, and electrodes to couple the electric field through the human body. The receiver includes electrodes, in physical contact with, or close proximity to, a part of the human body, for detecting an electric field carried through the body, and a demodulator for extracting the data from the modulated electric field. An authenticator, connected to the receiver, processes the encoded data and validates the authenticity of the transmission. The apparatus and method are used to identify and authorize a possessor of the transmitter. The possessor then has secure access to, and can obtain delivery of, goods and services such as the distribution of money, phone privileges, building access, and commodities. Encryption provides rapid transmission and authentication of the transmitter, and a plurality of similar transmitters, with minimum vulnerability to counterfeit. Signal processing and digital communication components accommodate variations in location and orientation of the transmitter and receiver, and provide transmitters with long life times and high reliability.