Abstract:
A method of forming a protective coating over a chemical-sensing membrane of a biochemical sensor comprising polymerizing an alkyl methacrylate monomer with a polar monofunctional acrylate monomer, the acrylates preferably are methyl methacrylate and tetrahydrofurfurylacrylate (THFA). The copolymerization reaction shown below The methyl methacrylate is preferably mixed with tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate in a ratio to derive a desired polarity of the resultant copolymer, and the polymerization occurs under UV photo-chemical reaction which a photo-initiator and a cross- linker. Lipophilic salt and ionophore may be added to the polymerization.
Abstract:
A refraction method and a compound lens is disclosed for concentrating solar beam in a non-imaging manner for its heat to be harvested and utilized, for example, for generating electricity with thermo-electric or thermocouple circuit when its hot junction is heated. Solar beam (SI), which may be collected over a wide span of the sun's movement without need for tracking, is first refracted with a first positive refractory element which may preferably be an asperical biconvex lens (11). The exiting, i.e. second solar beam (S2), at a still convergent angle is then refracted by a second negative refractory element which may preferably be a biconcave lens (12). The exiting, i.e. third solar beam (S3), converges upon a third positive refractory element, preferably another aspherical biconvex lens (13), which concentrates the exiting solar beam (S4) onto the predetermined heat collection surface area (120). The sum of all the curvature surfaces of the compound lens times the indices of refraction is about zero such that the field of focus is flat. Preferably, the sum of refractive powers of the first and third aspherical biconvex lenses is substantially counter-balanced by the refractive power of the second biconcave lens placed thereinbetween said first and third lenses.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for preparing a graphene-based inkjet ink characterised by the steps of: exfoliating graphene oxide (GO) in deionised water at 25 - 30°C (100); reducing the GO and silver nitrate (AgNOs) at 25°C to 30°C to form a reduced GO (rGO) and silver (Ag) mixture (200); reacting the rGO and Ag mixture to form a rGO/Ag nanoparticles (rGO/Ag-NPs) mixture (300) without agitation at 25°C to 30°C; sonicating the rGO/Ag-NPs mixture (400) at 65°C to 68°C; centrifuging the rGO/Ag-NPs mixture to produce the graphene- based colloidal solution (500); and dispersing the graphene-based colloidal solution in a dispersant solution to produce the graphene-based inkjet ink (600).
Abstract:
The present invention discloses a method of preparing functionalized graphene using a biodegradable solvent. Graphene nanoplatelets and organic peroxide are mixed in dihydrolevoglucosenone solution, at room temperature to 60°C. Dihydrilevoglucosenone solution, also known as Cyrene trademark, is a biodegradable solution. Alkoxysilane is added to the solution at 60 to 90°C. The solution is sonicated with ultrasonic waves. The mixture is washed with polar solvent. The solution is dried to obtain alkoxysilane functionalized graphene. The overall process involves minimal heat.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses a method of preparing silver nanoparticles colloidal solution to be used as conductive ink. The solution is prepared by mixing silver, water, surface coating agent and silver reducing agent into a silver colloidal mixture. The silver mixture is sonicated with ultrasonic waves using low temperature heating. Polar solvent is added to the mixture. The silver mixture is centrifuged which forms precipitate. The precipitate is grinded to obtain coated silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles is processed into ink and inserted in an inkjet cartridge. The inkjet cartridge can be operated with a printer below 50°C. The overall process involves minimal heat. The surface coating agent is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, carbonyl, carboxylate and acrylic-based polymer. A single layer of printed conductive pattern can be obtained by using the prepared ink.