Abstract:
High energy (e.g., ultrasonic) mixing of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and reactants comprised of an oxidation source, catalyst and acid yields a diesel fuel product or additive having substantially increased cetane number. Ultrasonic mixing creates cavitation, which involves the formation and violent collapse of micron-sized bubbles, which greatly increases the reactivity of the reactants. This, in turn, substantially increases the cetane number compared to reactions carried out using conventional mixing processes, such as simple mechanical stirring. Alternatively, an aqueous mixture comprising water and acid can be pretreated with an oxidation source such as ozone and subjected to ultrasonic cavitation prior to reacting the pretreated mixture with a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock.
Abstract:
The proposed method of producing a homogeneous catalyst for fuels involves adding acetone or homologues of acetone to the fuel and enriching the fuel with carbonyl compounds, in particular glyoxal or polyglyoxal, by oxidation with O3 or O2/O3 mixtures. Enrichment takes place preferably in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts with oxidising properties. The heterogeneous catalysts which can be used are the metals iron, manganese, copper, cerium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, bismuth, titanium, rhodium, platinum and palladium, or their oxides, sulphides, phosphates or mixtures. The application also concerns a fuel containing a homogeneous catalyst produced by this method.
Abstract:
A fuel for internal combustion engines and turbines based on hydrocarbons and additives has a sufficient amount of ozonization products. A usual hydrocarbon-containing fuel is ozonized in a manner known per se or a small amount of onzonized fuel is added to untreated fuel.
Abstract:
High energy (e.g., ultrasonic) mixing of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and reactants comprised of an oxidation source, catalyst and acid yields a diesel fuel product or additive having substantially increased cetane number. Ultrasonic mixing creates cavitation, which involves the formation and violent collapse of micron-sized bubbles, which greatly increases the reactivity of the reactants. This, in turn, substantially increases the cetane number compared to reactions carried out using conventional mixing processes, such as simple mechanical stirring. Alternatively, an aqueous mixture comprising water and acid can be pretreated with an oxidation source such as ozone and subjected to ultrasonic cavitation prior to reacting the pretreated mixture with a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a leaded motor fuel additive composition which synergistically interacts with the alkyl lead additive to reduce both fuel intake system deposit formation and combustion chamber deposit formation, thereby reducing engine ORI and maintaining desired engine performance.