Abstract:
A long, thin annular belt-like channel is designed for use in sedimentation field flow fractionation. This channel defined by inner and outer rings 104,102, which may be the rotor of a centrifuge, is designed to mainteain its thickness dimension constant by forming the radially inner wall with a radial thickness t such that the distorting effects of centrifugal force on the inner ring are substantially balanced by the centrifugal pressure of fluid in the flow channel.
Abstract:
Sedimentation field flow fractionation apparatus having a rotor-mounted fractionation column, has detectors positioned to observe the fluids from the column while still in the rotor. Designs include parallel reference and fractionation columns having their outflows compared in a rotor-mounted fluid flow density balance. Optionally weired channel columns provide a free fluid surface for more efficient resolution. Horizontal rotational axes are preferred. Rotor-mounted fluid flow density balances are also provided which are suitable for detecting liquid density changes in the other applications, such as liquid chromatography.
Abstract:
A long, thin annular belt-like channel is shown for use in sedimentation field flow fractionation. This channel, which may be contained in the rotor of a centrifuge, has a generally rectangular cross-section and inner and outer walls 22, 23. It has an inlet tube 100 which extends through the inner channel wall 23 and is positioned to introduce particulates 25 (including particles and/or macromolecules) approximately at the radial distance 1 from the outer wall where 1 is the equilibrium distance resulting from the average force field exerted on each particulate by the centrifugal force field and by the opposing normal diffusion forces due to Brownian motion. An outlet tube 104 for the channel is similarly located. A modified design tapers the channel at the inlet and/or outlet.
Abstract:
A long, thin annular belt-like channel is designed for use in sedimentation field flow fractionation. This channel, which is the rotor of a centrifuge, is designed to maintain its thickness dimension constant and yet facilitate its manufacture and cleaning by forming the rotor of a double mating ring in which the inner ring 58 is split at 60. This permits the inner ring 58 to conform to the outer load carrying ring 56. The channel is defined by groove 70 and the inner ring is urged against the outer ring 56 by wedges 69. Ports 12 and 14 give fluid access to the channel 70.
Abstract:
Wet process for the classification of super fine particles, especially to obtain fines with a very small maximum grain size and to produce particles with a narrow particle-size distribution. The average and maximum size of fines can be significantly reduced in comparison with previous wet classification methods for fine grains. The process is characterized by low energy consumption and a constructively simple design. According to the invention the process consists of two steps. In the first step the suspension to be classified is filtered using a cross flow filtration module (2) with a constant flow rate of the suspension in the module and a constant regulated filtrate flow (6, 7), whereby the fines (3) are deposited as a layer of particles on the microporous filter areas or membrane surfaces of the module. In the second step a fine grained product is obtained from the deposited layer of particles by placing cross flow filtration modules in the circulatory or cascade system.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for spraying a material (5), characterized in that a spraying medium is supplied to the material as a movable member (2), which is provided with outlets (4) for the spraying medium, is set in motion. The invention also relates to a device for spraying a material, characterized in that it comprises a movably arranged, movable member (2) provided with first outlets (4) for a spraying medium. Thereby, a spraying medium is given such a motion in relation to the material that the outcome of the spraying, e.g. during washing, is just as good as or better than that of the prior art, in spite of the considerably lower consumption of the medium in question. The invention also relates to a rotatably arranged nozzle.
Abstract:
Aggregate is reclaimed from waste plastic concrete in apparatus which comprises a container (1) hinged (17) to a base (16). The container is divided by partitions (2, 3) into a washing tank (4), a settling tank (5) and a drain tank (6). The upper edge of each partition defines a weir (7, 8). Waste concrete is deposited into the washing tank (4) and subjected to the jetting action of water, together with entrained air, from pipes (9). Cement and fine aggregate are carried over the first weir (7) into the settling tank (5), coarse aggregate remaining in the washing tank (4). Cement and some aggregate fines are carried over the second weir (8), whilst the major proportion of the fine aggregate settles in the second tank (5). An oscillating paddle (13) assists the separation in that tank. A slurry of cement and aggregate fines is discharged from the third tank (6) via drain outlets (12) for further treatment in a settlement tank/pit or hydrocyclone. The separated aggregates are removed by tipping the container (1) about the hinge (17) to a discharging position.
Abstract:
This invention provides an apparatus and method for the complete fractionation of submicron particles according to size by capillary hydrodynamic fractionation. This objective is achieved by using small diameter capillaries (18); introducing a minor fraction of a liquid dispersion of particles to be separated into at least one capillary fraction; passing the minor fraction through the capillary (18); and, at the exit of the capillary (18), diluting the minor fraction with the same liquid as is carrying the fractionated sample. These modifications in the flow patterns are essential to the use of capillaries (18) with diameters smaller than 60 microns. This invention is especially adapted for rapid analytical separation of not only rigid colloidal particles but also of soft latexes.