Abstract:
A transaction system enables a portable token to cooperate with a fixed terminal. The token is inductively coupled to the terminal, and receives data from the terminal via a frequency modulated carrier signal. Data is sent from the token to the terminal by amplitude modulation of the carrier signal from the terminal, e.g. by modulating the power drawn by the token from the terminal. The power needed to energise the on-board processing capability of the token is also obtained from the terminal via the inductive coupling. The token includes an arrangement for commencing processor operation in an orderly manner when it is brought into the proximity of a terminal, and for providing an orderly shut down when the token is withdrawn.
Abstract:
A sensor comprises a beam 1, e.g. of silicon, which resonates at a frequency dependent on the force imposed on the beam. Light on line 11 induces resonance of the beam 1 by means of the photothermal effect. The light reflected from the beam 1 is amplitude modulated at the resonance frequency, and returns along line 11. It is reflected by semi-reflecting plane mirror 17 onto lens 19 which focusses it onto photodetector 20. Photodetector 20 produces an output voltage modulated at the oscillation frequency, and is thus representative of the force imposed on beam 1.
Abstract:
An electrical socket connector in which individual contact members are located and retained on pegs projecting from a body member of electrically insulating material, the contact members being arranged for insulation displacement electrical connection at one end to insulated wires of two different thicknesses, and having means to set the gap between contact-making cantilever springs for co-operation with an associated plug connector. Outer covers may be latched to the body member, and the body member or one of said covers may allow access to said contact members for test probes.
Abstract:
A display device is described which comprises a liquid crystal host material (1) and an anisotropically emitting fluorescent guest material (13) dissolved in the host material such that the molecules of the guest material (13) align with the molecules of the host material (1). An electric field applied across the host material (1) causes the direction of radiation emitted by the guest material (13) incident on an interface between two materials (1,9) of different refractive index to vary so as to control the amount of radiation emitted by the display.
Abstract:
A communication system comprises a main station 1 which defines a time frame containing a variable number of time slots. Each of a plurality of substations 2, 3, 4 etc., includes selection means for selecting a time slot for transmission of information to the main station. Each substation has an identity number and it divides this identity number by the number of time slots currently set by the main station. The remainder left after this division process is used to select the time slot in which the substation will transmit its information to the main station. If two substations transmit in the same time slot the mutilated time slot is recognised by the main station at 15 and 16 and the number of time slots defined at 17 for the next frame is changed so as to prevent repetition of such mutilation.
Abstract:
An earth terminal for a geostationary satellite communication system incorporates an oval or elliptical shaped antenna 1 whose horizonal dimension d 1 is greater than its vertical dimension d 2 . The relatively small dimension d 2 facilitates transportation of the antenna whilst giving a beam shape which is broader in a direction perpendicular to the geostationary orbit of the satellite than in a direction parallel thereto. This special beam shape accommodates small movements of the satellite perpendicular to the orbit whilst giving the necessary angular resolution in the direction of the orbit to avoid interference with other satellites in the geostationary orbit.
Abstract:
A semiconductor diode laser of the kind in which laser radiation occurs in an active region in a layer (3)of semiconductor material wherein optical confinement of the radiation to a portion (19) of said layer so as to direct light from said region to a light waveguide is obtained by virtue of differences in the refractive index of different parts of said layer arising from mechanical stresses in said layer, produced, for example, by differential thermal contracting during fabrication of the laser of different parts (96, 11 b and 13, 15 or 21 and 5 or 23 and 3) of the laser structure.
Abstract:
It is desirable for the change of frequency of a chirp pulse to be as linear as possible to improve the signal to noise ratio. Light from a light source (1) is sent to a first amplitude modulator (6) where it is modulated by a chirp signal from an oscillator (12). The modulated light travels along a fibre optic delay line (14) to a second amplitude modulator (15) where it is again modulated by the chirp signal. In effect the light leaving the second modulator (15) has been modulated by delayed and undelayed versions of the chirp signal. This results in a signal having a lower sideband which is representative of the frequency difference between the delayed and undelayed signals. The frequency difference remains constant if the chirp signal is linear, but any change varies the frequency difference. This variation can be used to improve linearity of the remaining part of the chirp signal still to be processed.
Abstract:
A CCD frame transfer image sensor wherein the effective integration period can be shortened by electrical means. The sensor comprises an image section (9) having a first photo-sensitive portion of an array of CCD channels (1), and a store section (11) having a second light shielded portion ofthe array (1). Means (18) are provided for controlling the potentials applied to the control electrodes (5) of the array so as to transfer along the channels charge generated in the image section (9) into either a charge sink structure (15) or the store section (11).