Abstract:
The hot moist meat products are mixed and kneaded in a receptacle in which the pressure is gradually reduced so that some of the moisture evaporates. As a result of this treatment, the material is fragmented into particles which from then on do not adhere to one another.
Abstract:
This invention is directed to conducting chemical reactions in reverse micelle or microemulsion systems comprising a substantially discontinuous phase including a polar fluid, typically an aqueous fluid, and a microemulsion promoter, typically a surfactant, for facilitating the formation of reverse micelles in the system. The system further includes a substantially continuous phase including a non-polar or low-polarity fluid material which is a gas under standard temperature and pressure and has a critical density, and which is generally a water-insoluble fluid in a near critical or supercritical state. Thus, the microemulsion system is maintained at a pressure and temperature such that the density of the non-polar or low-polarity fluid exceeds the critical density thereof. The method of carrying out chemical reactions generally comprises forming a first reverse micelle system including an aqueous fluid including reverse micelles in a water-insoluble fluid in the supercritical state. Then, a first reactant is introduced into the first reverse micelle system, and a chemical reaction is carried out with the first reactant to form a reaction product. In general, the first reactant can be incorporated into, and the product formed in, the reverse micelles. A second reactant can also be incorporated in the first reverse micelle system which is capable of reacting with the first reactant to form a product.
Abstract:
Root repelling pipe joints are used to prevent intrusion of root into underground pipelines. The joints comprise an annular member formed of an organic polymer mixed with an effective amount of a dinitroaniline. The dinitroaniline slowly diffuses from the polymer at a sufficient rate to keep roots away from the joints but sufficiently slowly to cause the protection for many years without translocating within the plants and kill them.
Abstract:
The device comprises a substrate (3) on which are placed a series of electrodes (1, 2) connected to a high-voltage source (6). Another electrode (8) is formed by a coating deposited on an insulating sheet (7) which is normally rolled. Application of a potential between the electrodes (1, 2) on the one hand and the electrode (8) on the other causes the sheet to unroll, and selective earthing of the electrodes (1, 2) permits controlled rerolling of the sheet (7). In this example, the electrodes (1, 2) are alternated and connected in two series to the voltage source (6). Two sheets attached to two opposite edges of the substrate constitute a roller blind shutter for a camera.
Abstract:
A detector system for sensing the progress of an ISV process along an expected path comprises multiple sensors (64, 52). The sensors relay electrical signals representative of temperatures in their vicinity to a signal processor (54) which in turn generates an encoded signal which identifies the particular sensor and whether the ISV process has reached the sensor's input port. A transmitter (59) provided with a self-contained power supply (48) and a switch (88) propagates the encoded signal. The signal processor and the transmitter are below ground at a location beyond the expected ending location of the ISV process. A signal receiver (82) and a decoder (84) are located above ground for receiving the encoded signal popagated by the transmitter, decoding the encoded signal and providing a human-perceptible indication of the progress of the ISV process.
Abstract:
In the inspection of cylindrical objects, particularly O-rings, the object (2) is translated through a field of view and a linear light trace (6) is projected on its surface. An image of the light trace is projected on a mask, which has a size and shape corresponding to the size and shape which the image would have if the surface of the object were perfect. If there is a defect, light will pass the mask and be sensed by a detector positioned behind the mask. Preferably, two masks (14, 16) and associated detectors (18, 20) are used, one mask being convex, to pass light when the light trace falls on a projection from the surface and the other concave, to pass light when the light trace falls on a depression in the surface. The light trace may be either dynamic, formed by a scanned laser beam (7), or static, formed by such a beam focussed by a cylindrical lens. Means are provided to automatically keep the illuminating and receiving systems properly aligned.
Abstract:
In the production of proteins and biological interest by means of a stress inducible gene expression unit/eukaryotic host cell system, the transformed cell lines are multiplicated by tumour growing in immunodeficient warm-blooded animals, after which the multiplicated cells are cultured in vitro and subjected to stress, whereby expression occurs in high yield. In vivo multiplication rates of 10 -10 the innoculated quantity/2 weeks are reported without any loss of the latent inducible expression capacity.
Abstract:
A waveguide coated with single-stranded probe nucleic acids and carrying an internally reflected wave signal is contacted with an analyte solution containing denatured test DNA or RNA and fluorescent marker dye. Analyte nucleic acid with sequences homologous to that of the probe polynucleotide will hybridize therewith with concommitant binding of the fluorescent dye to the resultant duplex structures. Fluorescence resulting from the interaction of the wave signal at the waveguide/analyte interface with the signal generating centers created within the space probed by the evanescent component of the wave signal is detected and provides useful information on said sequences homologous to that of the probe nucleic acids.
Abstract:
In order to make a smooth surface by deposition of a thin layer of which the rugosity is one order of magnitude at least lower than that of the substrate, there is used a photopolymerizable varnish capable of wetting evenly the substrate and of which the free surface is either moulded and polymerized by electromagnetic radiation through the transparent wall of the mould whose surface has the desired rugosity, or is formed outside a mould by means of the centrifugal force or by lamellar flow particularly, and polymerized by an electromagnetic or corpuscular radiation such as a beam of electrons.