Abstract:
An apparatus and method for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide in respiratory gases. The apparatus is a non-dispersive gas analyzer (100) attached in series with the respiratory airway which is universally compatible with any host system. The analyzer (100) includes a housing (102) which supports a sample cell containing the respiratory gases, and which contains an infrared radiation source (130) encased in shock absorbing material, means for directing the radiation into a collimated beam through the sample cell, means (145) for splitting the beam and directing it towards two infrared detectors (142, 146) for measuring the amount of absorption of carbon dioxide in the sample cell. The analyzer has two heating servos (118, 152), one regulating the temperature of the sample cell windows to inhibit condensation build-up and one regulating the ambient temperature surrounding the detectors (142, 146) to ensure more accurate measurements. Calibration means within the analyzer housing (102) stores and provides information characterizing performance parameters of the analyzer (100).
Abstract:
An infrared spectrophotometer is described wherein an infrared source (11) is provided for emitting infrared energy. A sample cell (15) is provided for containing gases to be analyzed and is positioned in the path of infrared energy emitted by the source. A detector assembly includes first, second and third thermopile detectors (55, 57, 61) mounted in thermal proximity to each other and being responsive to impinging infrared energy to produce an electrical response. The first and second detectors (55, 57) are positioned in the path of the infrared energy and the third detector (61) is positioned out of the path of infrared energy emitted by the source (11). The spectrophotometer further comprises a narrow band filter (43) corresponding to an absorption wavelength band for a gas of interest and a narrow band reference filter (45) corresponding to a reference wavelength band. Each of the narrow band filters (43, 45) are positioned between the detector assembly and the source (11) in the path of infrared energy emitted by the source (11) on to a respective one of the first and second detectors (55, 57).
Abstract:
Very generally, the gas analyzer (10) of the invention includes a source of infrared energy (12), a sample cell (14) for containing an analyte gas mixture positioned in the path of infrared energy, and a monochromator (26) including a movable diffraction grating (34) for producing a beam of infrared energy wherein the constituent wavelengths are spectrally separated. The device also includes a wide band interference filter (42) for transmitting a predetermined wavelength band spanning the characteristic absorption wavelength of each of a plurality of constituent gases in the analyte gas mixture. A detector (16) positioned to receive radiation passing through the filter (42) produces an electrical response related to the infrared energy impinging thereon. The monochromator (26) includes provision (38, 40) for moving the diffraction grating (34) to sequentially cause infrared energy of different wavelengths to impinge upon the detector (16), and for intermittently causing infrared energy directed toward the detector (16) from the source (12) to be blocked by the interference filter (42).
Abstract:
A non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) multi-gas analyzer (405) has an optical element (950) that is positioned with respect to the axis of incident IR radiation such that it passes nearly all of the IR energy within a narrow band pass to one detector (540) and reflects nearly all of the IR energy outside the narrow band pass to another detector (535). Thus, the optical element (950) simultaneously functions both as a narrow band pass filter and a beam splitter, which transmits nearly all the IR radiation within a band pass and reflects nearly all the IR radiation outside the band pass. Additionally, the separation of the incoming energy can be achieved without an extended roll off. This allows using a reference transmission band that is very close to the absorption band of the gases of interest. It more specifically allows using a reference transmission band that is located between the absorption bands for hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide in an infrared analyzer that uses beam splitters.
Abstract:
An improved sensor support subassembly (10) for a chemical sensor (12) in the testing of gaseous emissions. The sensor subassembly (10) includes a sensor unit (12) slidably engaged with a gas intake manifold block (40). The sensor unit (12) has a cylindrical base (20) which forms the sensor inlet (26). The manifold block (40) includes a gas intake (46), a gas channel (42), and a U-shaped slot (50, 50a) for slidably engaging the cylindrical base (20) within the manifold block (40) to form an air-tight passage between the sensor inlet (26) and the gas channel (42). The sensor subassembly (10) also includes a sealing ring (34) for insuring an air-tight seal between the sensor unit (12) and manifold block (40). This allows the sensor unit (12) to be rotated about the axis of the cylindrical base (20) and use of a card-edge connector (16).