Catalysts for the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons to synthesis gas
    104.
    发明公开
    Catalysts for the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons to synthesis gas 失效
    Katalysatorenfürdie Teiloxidation von leichten Kohlenwasserstoffen zu Synthesegas

    公开(公告)号:EP0741107A3

    公开(公告)日:1997-08-06

    申请号:EP96600002.8

    申请日:1996-02-21

    Abstract: Two catalysts are revealed for the process of partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons to synthesis gas: a) Novel nickel-based catalysts for catalytic partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons, preferably natural gas, to synthesis gas (CO+H 2 ) consist of nickel crystallites in contact with La 2 O 3 , either in the form of nickel supported on La 2 O 3 carrier or in the form of nickel on La 2 O 3 particles dispersed on a conventional carrier such as Al 2 O 3 . The nickel content of the catalyst can be in the range of 1-80 wt%, preferably 5-40 wt%. In contrast to conventional nickel-based catalysts, e.g. Ni/γ-Al 2 O 3 , which show a continuous deactivation due to coke formation, the novel Ni/La 2 O 3 catalysts exhibit high conversion and selectivity and excellent stability towards partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons to synthesis gas at reaction temperatures higher than 500 o C, even when using feed of lower O/C ratios (O=O 2 , H 2 O or CO 2 ; C=light hydrocarbons, preferably CH 4 ), thus permitting the process to be more cost-efficient. b) Ruthenium-based catalysts, consisting of 0.01∼40 wt.%, preferably 0.1-10 wt.%, Ru on a carrier of TiO 2 optionally doped with an oxide, e.g. ZnO. The catalysts are capable of converting up to 60-70% of methane in the feed stream (if using a feed of O 2 /CH 4 =0.5) with selectivity to synthesis gas of 60∼80% and at oxygen conversion of 90-99%, via the direct partial oxidation scheme (i.e. without or with negligible involvement of reforming steps). The remaining of unconverted methane can be further converted to synthesis gas over the Ru/TiO 2 or Ni/La 2 O 3 or other reforming catalyst, by subsequent reforming with CO 2 and H 2 O or by feeding more oxygen into the catalyst bed, via e.g. multi-feeding manner.

    Abstract translation: 对于轻质烃部分氧化成合成气的过程,揭示了两种催化剂:a)用于将轻烃(优选天然气)催化部分氧化成合成气(CO + H 2)的新型镍基催化剂由接触的镍微晶组成 以La 2 O 3形式,以负载在La 2 O 3载体上的镍的形式或以分散在常规载体如Al 2 O 3上的La 2 O 3颗粒上的镍的形式。 催化剂的镍含量可以在1-80重量%,优选5-40重量%的范围内。 与常规的镍基催化剂相反, Ni /γ-Al2O3由于焦炭形成而显示出连续的失活,新型Ni / La2O3催化剂在高于500℃的反应温度下,轻质烃部分氧化成合成气具有高的转化率和选择性, 即使使用较低O / C比(O = O 2,H 2 O或CO 2; C =轻质烃,优选CH 4)的进料,因此允许该方法更具成本效益。 b)钌基催化剂,其由任选掺杂有氧化物的TiO 2载体上的0.01重量%,优选0.1-10重量%的Ru组成。 氧化锌。 催化剂能够在进料流中转化高达60-70%的甲烷(如果使用O 2 / CH 4 = 0.5的进料),对合成气的选择性为60-380%,氧转化率为90-99% 通过直接部分氧化方案(即没有或可以忽略重组步骤)。 通过随后用CO 2和H 2 O重整,或者通过例如通过向催化剂床中加入更多的氧,剩余的未转化的甲烷可以进一步转化为Ru / TiO 2或Ni / La 2 O 3或其它重整催化剂上的合成气。 多重喂养方式。

    A high-throughput data buffer
    106.
    发明公开
    A high-throughput data buffer 失效
    高吞吐量的数据缓冲区

    公开(公告)号:EP0698886A2

    公开(公告)日:1996-02-28

    申请号:EP95410074.9

    申请日:1995-07-27

    CPC classification number: G11C7/1039

    Abstract: The invention relates to a pipeline buffer for simultaneously transferring N words at each of a succession of clock cycles (CK), comprising N one-word wide memories (M0-M3) successively connected such that each memory is accessed like the preceding memory with one clock cycle delay, whereby the N memories are consecutively subjected to a same read or write access and each memory is subjected to consecutive different read or write accesses.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种流水线缓冲器,用于在连续的时钟周期(CK)中的每一个时钟周期(CK)中同时传送N个字,包括连续连接的N个单字宽存储器(M0-M3),使得每个存储器像前一个存储器一样被存取一个 时钟周期延迟,由此N个存储器连续受到相同的读取或写入访问,并且每个存储器受到连续不同的读取或写入访问。

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