公开(公告)号：FR1422350A

公开(公告)日：1965-12-24

申请号：FR994943

申请日：1964-11-13

Applicant: COMMISSARIAT A L EN ATOMIQUE &

IPC: G01P5/00 ,  H01J41/08

公开(公告)号：DE1198712B

公开(公告)日：1965-08-12

申请号：DED0040608

申请日：1962-12-28

Applicant: DANSKE SECURITAS AS

Inventor： MEYER SVEND SCHEEL

IPC: G01N27/66 ,  G08B17/11 ,  G08B17/113 ,  H01J41/08

公开(公告)号：GB996175A

公开(公告)日：1965-06-23

申请号：GB1458361

申请日：1961-04-21

Applicant: BENDIX CORP

IPC: H01J41/08

Abstract: 996,175. Determining physical quantities. BENDIX CORPORATION. April 21, 1961 [April 25, 1960], No. 14583/61. Heading G1N. [Also in Division H1] A gas density or pressure measuring device 5 of the type described in Specifications 863,562 990,047 and 990,048, e.g. for altitude measurement, comprises an anode 60 and a cathode 50, 56, inlet means 80 for supplying gas, e.g. air, a radioactive source carried by at least one of the electrodes for ionising the gas, circuit means connected to the anode and cathode for measuring the current flow therebetween on a measure of the density or pressure of the gas, and a shielding electrode 108, 110 positioned close to the electrode carrying the radioactive source, e.g. the anode 60, and maintained at a potential more positive than that of the electrode for collecting "delta" electrons emitted therefrom. The anode and cathode electrodes comprise three coaxial cylindrical members 50, 60 and 56, the inner 50 and outer, 56, members being interconnected to constitute one of the electrodes, e.g. the cathode, and the radioactive source is carried by both the inner and outer surfaces of the intermediate member 60 constituting the other electrode. The member 60 can be formed of silver empregnated with radium chloride and rhodium plated. The member 56 can carry a secondary radioactive source 115 which can be radium impregnated silver foil. The radial distance from the outer cylindrical surface of the intermediate member 60 to the inner surface of the outer member 56 is substantially different from, e.g. greater than, the radial distance to the outer surface of the inner member 50. The shielding electrode can comprise one or a pair of helically wound conductors 108, 110. At least one of the electrodes can be nickel polished and rhodium or platinum plated. The device can include a gas permeable de-ionising electrode or grid 121 near the inlet means 80 and maintained at a potential, e.g. anode potential, suitable for retaining any gas molecules ionized prior to entry of the gas into the electrode zone. Means are provided for maintaining the gas in the electrode zone at a substantially constant temperature whereby the current flow is a measure of the gas pressure. The device 5 is positioned within a copper tubular member 6, Fig. 1, positioned within an oven 7 containing heat insulating fibreglass material 26, 27, 29 and provided with a heater assembly 14 including heater coils 15 and 16 which are controlled by a coarse thermostatic switch 17 and a sensitive thermostatic switch 18 of bimetallic type as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The circuit means can control an altitude control mechanism such as described in Specifications 863,562 or 990,048 and can include temperature compensating means comprising a thermistor bead 82 of carbon alloy having a negative temperature coefficient of resistance and a resistor element 91 having a low temperature coefficient of resistance.

公开(公告)号：CH355380A

公开(公告)日：1961-06-30

申请号：CH355380D

申请日：1957-10-30

Applicant: CERBERUS GMBH

Inventor： MEILI ERNST DR ,  DERFLER HEINRICH DR ,  THOMAS LAMPART

IPC: G01N27/66 ,  G08B17/113 ,  H01J41/08

公开(公告)号：FR1185495A

公开(公告)日：1959-07-31

申请号：FR1185495D

申请日：1957-10-24

IPC: B29C51/08 ,  G01N27/64 ,  G01N27/66 ,  G08B17/11 ,  G08B17/113 ,  H01J41/04 ,  H01J41/08

Abstract: 828,121. Discharge apparatus. DETECTION ELECTRONIQUE FRANCAISE D.E.F. Jan. 21, 1958 [Oct. 24, 1957], No. 2035/58. Class 39(1). [Also in Groups XXXVI and XL(b)] In gas testing apparatus a voltage is produced indicative of the variation in the composition of a gas flowing through a first ionisation chamber when compared with a reference gas in a second sealed ionisation chamber XXXVI) and (Groups XL(b). The first ionisation chamber 1, Fig. 1 comprises a cathode 8, a radioactive source 12, e.g. a radium salt emitting alpha particles, the intensity of which can be controlled by the screw 13 and which is heated by the filament 12 to prevent the formation of an emission interfering moisture film, an anode 9 and a screen grid 11 placed downstream of the anode and negatively polarised with respect to it to repel back to the anode any negative ions carried past it by the gas flow, hence rendering the device largely insensitive to the rate of gas flow. In a modification, Fig. 2, the first ionisation chamber is arranged symmetrically and includes a pair of radioactive sources 24 and 24b on one side and another pair of sources 25a and 25b on the other side of the anode 10. This arrangement renders the operation of the device insensitive to the rate of gas flow in either direction.

公开(公告)号：GB619229A

公开(公告)日：1949-03-07

申请号：GB1539046

申请日：1946-05-21

Applicant: NAT RES CORP

IPC: G01L21/00 ,  H01J41/08

Abstract: 619,229. Determining physical qualities and dimensions of materials; resistance measurements. NATIONAL RESEARCH CORPORATION. May 21, 1946, No. 15390. Convention date, May 22, 1945. [Class 37] A pressure gauge comprises an ambient temperature source of ionizing agent activity positioned to radiate ionizing agents through a fixed volume of a gas, the pressure of which is to be measured, to ionize the gas, an ion collector for the ions produced by the radiation, and electrical measuring apparatus responsive to the rate of ion collection at the collector for continuously determining the pressure, in a range of pressures, of the gas. As shown, the gauge includes a vacuum-tight cylindrical chamber 10 adapted to be coupled by a connection 12 to a vacuum system or other source of gas or vapour, the pressure of which is to be measured, and an inner shield 16 on the interior of which a radio-active substance 14 such as radium is mounted. An ion collector 18 having four prongs extends into the chamber through an insulator 20. The shield 16 is positively charged. The ionization current is passed into a circuit including a D.C. amplifier 25 and a meter or recorder 30. The radio-active equilibrium of the radium with its immediate decay products is preserved by depositing radium, as from a radium bromide solution, on to a metallic foil and sealing it by a film of rhodium, gold, nickel, or aluminium. The method of calculating the basic data for gauges required to meet specific requirements is set forth in the Specification. It is stated that the gauge could be used as a barometer or an altimeter.

公开(公告)号：US5057741A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-15

申请号：US620165

申请日：1990-11-30

Applicant: Nikolaos Barakitis ,  Marvin S. Corrales ,  Jorge C. Rodrigues

Inventor： Nikolaos Barakitis ,  Marvin S. Corrales ,  Jorge C. Rodrigues

IPC: H01J41/08 ,  H01J61/26 ,  H01J61/54

CPC classification number: H01J61/541 ,  H01J41/08 ,  H01J61/26

Abstract: A glow discharge starter having an hermetically sealed envelope containing an ionizable medium, a bimetallic electrode including a bimetallic element, and a counter electrode. The bimetallic element has a free end adapted to form first and second discharge gaps with the counter electrode. The first discharge gap has a spacing which varies during operation of the glow discharge starter. The spacing of the second discharge gap remains relatively constant. Problems associated with high ambient temperatures can be overcome by increasing the initial spacing of the first discharge gap without affecting the electrical breakdown voltage of the glow discharge starter. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the free end of the bimetallic element has a first portion substantially parallel to the counter electrode and a second portion substantially perpendicular to the counter electrode. Preferably, the initial spacing of the first discharge gap measured at 25 degrees Celsius is within the range of from about 0.020 inch to about 0.030 inch. The spacing of the second discharge gap is within the range of from about 0.006 inch to about 0.010 inch.

Abstract translation: 具有包含可电离介质的气密密封的信封的辉光放电起动器，包括双金属元件的双金属电极和对电极。 双金属元件具有适于与对电极形成第一和第二放电间隙的自由端。 第一放电间隙具有在辉光放电起动器的操作期间变化的间隔。 第二放电间隙的间隔保持相对恒定。 可以通过增加第一放电间隙的初始间隔而不影响辉光放电启动器的电击穿电压来克服与高环境温度相关的问题。 根据优选实施例，双金属元件的自由端具有基本上平行于对电极的第一部分和大致垂直于对电极的第二部分。 优选地，在25摄氏度处测量的第一放电间隙的初始间隔在约0.020英寸至约0.030英寸的范围内。 第二放电间隙的间隔在约0.006英寸至约0.010英寸的范围内。

公开(公告)号：US4153840A

公开(公告)日：1979-05-08

申请号：US754276

申请日：1976-12-27

Applicant: Horst K. Wieder

Inventor： Horst K. Wieder

IPC: G08B17/113 ,  H01J41/08 ,  G01T1/18 ,  G01N23/12

CPC classification number: G08B17/113 ,  H01J41/08

Abstract: A combustion product detector comprises two ionization chambers with a radioactive source in each chamber. One chamber is vented to the ambient atmosphere and the other serves as a reference. A communicating passage is provided between the chambers. An adjustable target is provided in the reference chamber.Test means to determine status of the device comprises a member having a conductive end which is normally in conductive relation with the vented electrode of the chamber. It may be manually depressed into the vented chamber against a biasing force to disconnect it.Two radioactive sources are mounted in a holder which provides a window for each of the sources. In different embodiments the windows may be varied in size to vary the amount of radiation provided to each of the chambers independently without changing the parameters of the sources themselves.

Abstract translation: 燃烧产物检测器包括在每个室中具有放射源的两个电离室。 一个室被排放到环境大气中，另一个用作参考。 连通通道设置在室之间。 在参考室中设置可调节的目标。

公开(公告)号：US4021671A

公开(公告)日：1977-05-03

申请号：US593704

申请日：1975-07-07

Applicant: Elias E. Solomon

Inventor： Elias E. Solomon

IPC: H01J47/02 ,  G01N27/64 ,  G01T1/185 ,  G08B17/10 ,  G08B17/11 ,  G08B17/113 ,  H01J41/08 ,  G01N23/12

CPC classification number: H01J41/08 ,  G08B17/11 ,  G08B17/113

Abstract: An ionization detecting fire alarm device that comprises a double chamber structure, a source disposed in at least one of the chambers and a vernier adjusting screw electrode protruding into one chamber. The chamber containing the adjustable electrode is more open to the atmosphere than the other chamber, porting is provided between chambers and detection occurs by sensing the rate of change of ionization current in the chamber structure. The source or sources, one being in each chamber, is a beta source such as a nickel 63 source. A change in ionization current is detected by a unique circuit of this invention which comprises a programmable unijunction transistor oscillator circuit.

Abstract translation: 一种电离检测火灾报警装置，包括双室结构，设置在至少一个室中的源和突出到一个室中的游标调节螺钉电极。 容纳可调节电极的室比另一个室更大于大气，在室之间提供端口，并且通过感测室结构中的电离电流的变化率来进行检测。 源或源，一个在每个室中，是诸如镍63源的β源。 电离电流的变化由本发明的唯一电路检测，其包括可编程单结晶体管振荡器电路。

公开(公告)号：US3946374A

公开(公告)日：1976-03-23

申请号：US424305

申请日：1973-12-13

Applicant: Lonnie S. McMillian ,  George E. Frohwein

Inventor： Lonnie S. McMillian ,  George E. Frohwein

IPC: G01N27/66 ,  G08B17/11 ,  G08B17/113 ,  H01J41/08 ,  G08B17/10 ,  H01J39/28

CPC classification number: G01N27/66 ,  G08B17/11 ,  G08B17/113 ,  H01J41/08

Abstract: An ionization-type gas contamination detector, intended primarily for use as a fire detector, in which a substance which emits predominantly low-energy beta particles is used as an ionizing radiation source in an ionizing chamber. Rapid changes in ionization current, which indicate the present of a fire or smoke preceding a fire, are detected and an alarm is energized by a rate-of-change circuit in response to such changes. The output of the ionization chamber is amplified, and a level detector energizes the alarm when the amplified chamber output reaches a predetermined level. The output of the amplifier is adjusted relatively slowly to a reference level. In one embodiment, the amplifier output is adjusted to the reference level by the activation of a sample-and-hold feedback loop for a short period of time. In another embodiment, continuous feedback through a circuit with a relatively long time constant provides the desired adjustment. This feature makes the device relatively insensitive to normal atmospheric and environmental changes, while being very sensitive to changes in the level of combustion products in the atmosphere.

Abstract translation: 主要用作火灾探测器的电离型气体污染检测器，其中主要以低能量β粒子发射的物质被用作电离室中的电离辐射源。 检测出电流电流的快速变化，其指示在火灾之前发生火灾或烟雾，并且通过响应于这种变化的变化率电路来激励警报。 电离室的输出被放大，当放大室输出达到预定水平时，电平检测器激励报警器。 将放大器的输出相对缓慢地调整到参考电平。 在一个实施例中，通过在短时间段内激活采样保持反馈回路将放大器输出调整到参考电平。 在另一个实施例中，通过具有较长时间常数的电路的连续反馈提供所需的调整。 该特征使得该装置对正常的大气和环境变化相对不敏感，同时对大气中燃烧产物的变化非常敏感。