Abstract:
A vapor generation apparatus which includes a furnace (10), having a tube wall (12) and at least one vertical buckstay member (22) disposed proximate to the outer face of the spiral tube wall (12). The apparatus includes a stirrup (20) for transmitting forces between the spiral tube wall (12) and the vertical buckstay member (22). The stirrup (20) includes a U-shaped plate (32) and a cylindrical member (38), apparatus for mounting the cylindrical member (38) on the vertical buckstay member (22) including first and second lugs (36) fixed to the vertical buckstay member (22) in spaced relationship. The cylindrical member (38) is fixed between the first and second lugs (36) in spaced relation to the vertical buckstay member (22). The apparatus also includes apparatus for mounting the U-shaped plate (32) on the tube wall.
Abstract:
A retainer (20) for retaining a grid (17) on a fuel assembly. The retainer (20) has at least one aperture (26) at one end thereof for receiving a shoulder on a guide control tube and legs on the other end thereof for welding to the grid. The one end of the retainer is captured between the shoulder and a surface on the bottom nozzle of the fuel assembly when the guide tube is attached to the bottom nozzle. The retainer reduces the rotation of the guide tube resulting from torquing of the screws which connect the guide tube to the bottom nozzle thereby increasing the integrity of the assembly.
Abstract:
A black liquor gasification system (10) intended for use as a replacement for a Tomlinson cycle, Chemical Recovery Unit, and which operates at a temperature below the ash melting temperature thereby removing the potential for smelt-water reactions and explosions. The subject black liquor gasification system (10) is based on the use of a circulating fluidized bed (26) operating at atmospheric pressure that produces dry, recoverable salts as well as low calorific gases to be used within the paper-making process.
Abstract:
A zirconium alloy which imparts good creep strength, while also providing favorable neutron cross section, improved corrosion resistance, low hydrogen uptake and good fabricability is described which contains vanadium in a range of from a measurable amount up to 1.0 wt%, wherein either limit is typical; niobium in a range of from a measurable amount up to 1.0 wt%, wherein either limit is typical; antimony in a range of from a measurable amount up to 0.2 wt%, wherein either limit is typical; tellurium in a range of from a measurable amount up to 0.2 wt%, wherein either limit is typical; tin in a range of from a measurable amount up to 0.5 wt%, wherein either limit is typical; iron in a range of 0.2 to 0.5 wt%, typically 0.35 wt%; chromium in a range of from 0.1 to 0.4 wt%, typically 0.25 wt%; silicon in a range of 50 to 200 ppm, wherein either limit is typical; and oxygen in a range of from a measurable amount up to 2200 ppm, wherein either limit is typical and the balance zirconium.
Abstract:
A clustered concentric tangential firing system (12) particularly suited for use in fossil fuel-fired furnaces (10) and a method of operating such furnaces (10) equipped with a clustered concentric tangential firing system. The clustered concentric tangential firing system (12) includes a windbox (20), a first cluster of fuel nozzles (38, 40) mounted in the windbox (20) and operative for injecting clustered fuel into the furnace (10) so as to create a first fuel-rich zone therewithin, a second cluster of fuel nozzles (68, 70) mounted in the windbox (20) and operative for injecting clustered fuel into the furnace (10) so as to create a second fuel-rich zone therwithin, an offset air nozzle (56) mounted in the windbox (20) and operative for injecting offset air into the furnace (10) such that the offset air is directed away from the clustered fuel injected into the furnace (10) and towards the walls of the furnace (10), a close coupled overfire air nozzle (78) mounted in the windbox (20) and operative for injecting close coupled overfire air into the furnace (10), and a separated overfire air nozzle (90) mounted in the windbox (20) and operative for injecting separated overfire air into the furnace (10).
Abstract:
An integrated manufacturing system operative for managing the distribution to a factory floor as well as throughout a factory of the information that is necessary to effectuate the production of products on the factory floor. The information required for this purpose encompasses, but is not necessarily limited to, both the design information which is generated within the engineering enterprise and the scheduling information which is generated within the manufacturing resource planning system. This information consisting of design and manufacturing data pertaining to the product to be produced is in turn stored in a central repository for all shared information from whence as needed it is capable of being distributed in a logical and efficient fashion through operation of the integrated manufacturing system to the factory floor as well as throughout the factory so as to thereby enable the product to be produced on the factory floor in a most timely and most cost-effective manner.
Abstract:
A video system (24) which monitors the position of the target member (14) with a camera (20) and provides an output signal commensurate with the target displacement. The camera is mounted near the target for generating a composite video signal including the target and a region (12) extending along the direction of movement of the target. A video signal converter (24) is associated with the camera and includes means for separating the video signal into horizontal and vertical digital data points. The vertical data points define an arbitrary vertical axis (84) which is aligned with the direction of target movement. The displacement of the target is determined by electronically counting the number of vertical data points, or scan lines, between a reference position of the target and a displaced position of the target along the column of vertical data points. In the rotameter embodiment, the number of scan lines in the converted video signal are counted between the no-flow reference position of the target and the target as the target moves or changes in the flow rate. Preferably, a video monitor (30) is associated with the converter for generating an image display to the user. The converter injects a vertical line (40) on the calibration monitor that helps the user align the "counter" column of video data points with the target path (84).
Abstract:
The system (12', 14) includes a target member (78) associated with the stem valve (24) and displaceable therewith, and a camera (68) adapted to be positioned adjacent the stem for generating a video signal of at least a portion of the target member. A marker (80) associated with the valve in the field of view of the camera is provided for defining a reference displacement scale (82) in the video signal. A converter (62) is responsive to the video signal for generating target data commensurate with the absolute displacement of the target. First data interface means (42, 58, 60) are provided for digitizing the sensed pneumatic pressure as the pressure is changed to displace the stem, preferably a full stroke from the open-to-close-to-open positions or vice versa. Second data interface means (44, 62) are provided for digitizing the target data commensurate with the displacement of the target. In a preferred embodiment, the displacement of the target member (78) is determined by electronically counting the scan lines or sequence of pixels (92-108) associated with the video signal, which are covered or uncovered, or otherwise interrupted, as the target member is displaced.
Abstract:
A permanent pool seal and neutron shield (30) for providing an effective water barrier over the annular space (28) between a nuclear reactor vessel flange (24) and a surrounding annular ledge (22) includes annular deck sections (32) supported on spaced ribs (46). Flexible membranes (50, 52) on the deck section peripheries accommodate relative movement. Openings (42), each with a removable plug structure which includes cover (44) and tapered can (60), provide vessel cavity (14) with ventilation and maintenance access. All cans (60) and similar containers (56 and 59) under the deck structure and flange (24) contain a shielding material (58) in the form of a boron-containing concrete. Supported below the cans is refractory insulating material (54).
Abstract:
The steam generator water level, the feed water temperature, and the reactor power are continuously measured and a level signal (76), a temperature signal (78), and a power signal (80) commensurate with these measurements are respectively generated. From the power signal and the temperature signal, a target flow signal (84) is generated corresponding to the feedwater flow rate that would produce a stable steam generator water level at the steady state condition of the power signal and the temperature signal. The level signal is compared to a level signal setpoint (54) and a resulting level error signal (86) is generated. The level error signal is adjusted by a gain factor (88) that is dependent on the temperature signal to produce an adjusted level error signal (90). The feedwater flow through the bypass valve is then controlled in response to the target flow signal (84') and the adjusted level error signal. In a preferred implementation of the invention, the transition between low power control using the bypass valve and high power control using the main feedwater valve is accomplished by generating a main valve position signal (118), and generating an enable signal (124) when the power signal is within a desired transition power range. When the power is in the transition range, the feedwater flow through the bypass valve is ramped down or up in response to the target flow signal, the adjusted level error signal, and the main valve position signal, as the main feedwater flow increases or decreases.