Abstract:
A shock wave reactor (11a, 11b, 102) for thermal cracking of hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, comprising a casing (4) wherein a duct (10) is formed with inlet (6, 6a) and outlet (7); a rotor (1, 1a) the periphery of which contains an axial- flow blade cascade (2); wherein the casing substantially encloses the periphery of the rotor (la) and a number of stationary vane cascades (8, 9) inside the duct, and further wherein the cascades (2, 8, 9) are configured to direct feedstock containing process stream to repeatedly pass said cascades in accordance with helical trajectory while propagating within the duct between the inlet and outlet and to generate stationary shock-waves to heat the feedstock. The axial- flow rotor cascade (2) is configured to provide kinetic energy and to add velocity to the feedstock containing process stream, and the stationary vanes located downstream the rotor cascade (2) are configured to reduce the velocity of the stream and convert kinetic energy into heat. The reactor may be configured for the realization of thermal cracking processes utilizing hydrocarbons; however it may be utilized for processing carbohydrate- and glyceride-based feedstock, including processing of gaseous biomass matter. Related methods for processing feedstock matter are presented.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a reactor and agitator useful in a high pressure process for making 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd) from the reaction of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (240fa) and HF, wherein the agitator includes one or more of the following design improvements: (a) double mechanical seals with an inert barrier fluid or a single seal; (b) ceramics on the rotating faces of the seal; (c) ceramics on the static faces of seal; (d) wetted o-rings constructed of spring-energized Teflon and PTFE wedge or dynamic o-ring designs; and (e) wetted metal surfaces of the agitator constructed of a corrosion resistant alloy.
Abstract:
Le matériau selon l'invention est obtenu par détonation d'une substance explosive présentant un équilibre d'oxygène négatif, dans un volume fermé et dans une atmosphère inerte par rapport au carbone, avec une vitesse de refroidissement des produits de détonation de 200 et 6000 degrés/minute et il contient, en % en poids:
- du carbone de variété cubique 30 à 75%
- la phase amorphe aux rayons X du carbone 10 à 15%
- du carbone de variété cristalline: complément à 100%;
les proportions des éléments, en % en poids, sont les suivantes:
- carbone 84 à 89 %
- hydrogène 0,3 à 1,1%
- azote 3,1 à 4,3%
- oxygène 2,0 à 7,1%
- impuretés incombustibles 2,0 à 5,0%
et la surface contient les groupes fonctionnels méthyliques, carboxyliques, quinoniques, lactoniques, éthers et aldéhydiques.
Abstract:
A method of manufacturing a superconductive coil by means of explosive compaction. A wire formed of silver having a superconductive oxide powder charged therein is formed into a coil. The coil is placed within a cylindrical vessel, into which a pressure medium is charged. Explosive compaction is carried out to cause compaction of the coil through the cylindrical vessel and the pressure medium and hence densify the coil, followed by heat-treating the coil in an air or oxygen atmosphere. The resulting superconductive coil possesses high critical electric current density. Advantageously, the coil is mounted on a mandrel axially extending therethrough, and placed together with the mandrel into the cylindrical vessel, before explosive compaction.
Abstract:
Bei eines Explosionskammer oder einem Autoklaven wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Sprenggase sich nach Durchführen des Sprengvorganges nicht entspannen können, sondern ausgenutzt werden können, um weitere Bearbeitungsverfahren für den zu bildenden Festkörper auszuführen.