Abstract:
The invention involves a two step process to upgrade the submersible pump area in a manner that will prevent releases from entering the soil. The first step entails forming the sidewalls of the in-place containment sump using fiberglass panels cut from the appropriate diameter pipe. The fiberglass panels are placed in the existing sump and fastened together to form a tank-like structure. This tank-like structure is formed with a small annular space between it and the existing sump to allow water that enters to drain to the ground. The second step involves completing the sump by pouring a flexible floor. A water resistant lid assembly is put in place below grade level to keep water out of the newly formed containment sump.
Abstract:
A method is described for preparing a catalyst having one or more noble metals disposed in a relatively homogeneous distribution on a base which includes an inorganic refractory binder and a zeolite. The method provides for uniformly depositing noble metals on the base after it is formed, without unnecessarily displacing desirable nonframework cations, such as sodium, from the zeolite.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed generally toward a method of processing seismic data so as to provide improved quantification and visualization of subtle seismic thin bed tuning effects and other sorts of lateral rock discontinuities. A reflection from a thin bed has a characteristic expression in the frequency domain that is indicative of the thickness of the bed: the reflection has a periodic sequence of notches in its amplitude spectrum, said notches being spaced a distance apart that is inversely proportional to the temporal thickness of the thin bed. Further, this characteristic expression may be used to track thin bed reflections through a 3-D volume and estimate their thicknesses and lateral extent. The usefulness of this invention is enhanced by a novel method of frequency domain whitening that emphasizes the geologic information present within the spectrum. Although the present invention is preferentially applied to a 3-D seismic volume, it is alternatively applied to any collection of spatially related seismic traces.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of an addition product of a linear telechelic difunctional unsaturated polymer containing terminal functional reactive groups other than vinyl groups, involves simultaneously reacting at least one cyclic olefin of from about 4 to 30 carbon atoms, at least one difunctional acyclic olefin of up to about 30 carbon atoms, and at least one reactant YZ in the presence of at least one olefin metathesis catalyst to prepare an addition product of a linear difunctional unsaturated polymer, wherein YZ is capable of adding to a carbon-carbon double bond under ROMP reaction conditions.
Abstract:
Vinylidene olefin can be formed in good yield and high selectivity in much shorter reaction periods than found critical heretofore. The process involves dimerizing vinyl olefin with at least one trialkylaluminum compound as the catalyst component charged to the reaction vessel. These materials are charged to the reactor so that it contains in the range of 0.001 to 0.5 mol of trialkylaluminum per mol of the initial vinyl olefin. The reaction is performed at a temperature in the range of 100 DEG to 200 DEG C for a period of time sufficient to convert 10 to 99 % by weight of the initial vinyl olefin to a different product with at least 80 wt.% vinylidene dimer selectivity. In conducting the process the liquid reaction mixture is in direct contact with a nickel-containing metal alloy surface for at least one hour at a temperature above about 50 DEG C, and at least one acetylenic hydrocarbon is added to the mixture prior to such contact in an amount at least sufficient to inhibit double bond isomerization in the reaction mixture but insufficient to inhibit formation of the vinylidene dimer. The acetylenic hydrocarbon also overcomes the devastating effect nickel impurities in the feed or in residues in the reactor have on dimer selectivity.
Abstract:
Alpha-olefin oligomer is prepared by contacting an alpha-olefin monomer which contains from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms with a heterogeneous catalyst system formed from (i) a solid olefin polymer having a linear backbone and a plurality of pendant omega-hydroxyalkyl groups, (ii) a boron trihalide, preferably BF3, and, optionally (iii) an organomagnesium halide.
Abstract:
An olefin homogeneous polymerization catalyst demonstrating increased activity is formed from a cyclopentadienyl metallocene component, a salt of a compatible cation and a non-coordinating anion, and a C3-C6 trialkylaluminum, preferably triisobutylaluminum. A homogeneous polymerization process comprises controlling polymerization activity with such catalyst by controlling the aluminum/metal (Al/M) molar ratio to a minimal level within the effective range of Al/M ratios.
Abstract:
A method of producing hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation. The method comprises the steps of: building an array of at least three horizontal wells (10a, 10b and 10c); establishing injectivity in the formation; establishing communication between adjacent horizontal sections of wells (10a, 10b and 10c) in the array; injecting a fluid through the horizontal section of an outer well (10a) while producing hydrocarbons and associated fluids through the horizontal section of a well (10b) immediately adjacent to the outer well; and simultaneously applying the steps of injecting and producing to adjacent remaining pairs of wells (10b and 10c) in the arrray so that with respect to any particular well (10b) that is being used for fluid injection, each well (10a and 10c) in said array immediately adjacent to it is being used for fluid production, and wherein the hydrocarbons and associated fluids are produced at a cumulative rate of production from the entire array that establishes a pressure differential between the wells (10a, 10b and 10c) in the array.