Abstract:
A functionalised polymer, especially an ashless dispersant or a viscosity index improver dispersant, suitable for use as a lubricating or fuel oil additive, or as an intermediate for use in the manufacture of such an additive, is prepared from reactants in different phases by reacting the reactants in a reaction region defined by adjacent surfaces between which there is relative movement or in a thin film on a surface over which they move.
Abstract:
Additives for improving the low temperature flow properties and oxidative stability of hydrocarbon oils are disclosed, which comprise the alkylation of a phenol in the presence of a polar aprotic cosolvent to produce an essentially linear alkylated phenol which is condensed with an aldehyde to produce the low temperature flow improver wherein: a) the polymer composition has a number average molecular weight of at least about 3,000 and a molecular weight distribution of at least about 1.5; b) in the alkylated phenol reactant the alkyl groups (i) are essentially linear; (ii) have between 6 and 50 carbon atoms; and (iii) have an average number of carbon atoms between about 12 and 26; and c) not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have less than 12 carbon atoms and not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have more than 26 carbon atoms. The additives may also be produced in a branched backbone form in which monomer reactants are copolymerized with certain tri- or tetrafunctional comonomers. Blends of these additives with various hydrocarbon oils, and particularly various middle distillates and lubricating oil compositions, whose low temperature flow properties and oxidative stability are significantly improved thereby, are also disclosed.
Abstract:
A process for preparing an oligomeric copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reactant and a high molecular weight olefin having a sufficient number of carbon atoms such that the resulting copolymer is soluble in lubricating oil and wherein at least 20 weight percent of the total olefin comprises an alkylvinylidene isomer, which process comprises reacting the high molecular weight olefin with the unsaturated acidic reactant in the presence of a solvent which comprises the reaction product of an unsaturated acidic reactant and a high molecular weight olefin.
Abstract:
The first aspect of the invention involves stable emulsions of hydrocarbons and water using a combination of a low molecular weight agent and a high molecular weight material. In another aspect of the invention slurries are formed for fuel purposes utilizing coal particles with hydrocarbons and water and the aforesaid agent and material to achieve a stable combination or non-combustible materials with water alone or in conjunction with other liquids using the aforesaid agent and material. The present invention also is useful as transportation agents in pipelines, to lower pumping costs.
Abstract in simplified Chinese:本发明揭示一种马达车之燃料,其包括水与液态烃间之乳液、及一种防孔蚀添加剂,此添加剂包括一种共聚物,其含20–80莫耳%,较佳为35–70莫耳%之含至少一个羧基之单位,与80–20莫耳%,较佳为65–30莫耳%之衍生自至少一种具乙烯不饱和之单体之单位,及其中至少20莫耳%,较佳为30–90莫耳%之羧基为至少一种选自羧酸盐、酯、酰胺、与酰亚胺之衍生物之形式。
Abstract in simplified Chinese:一种用于燃料及/或润滑油的分枝聚烯烃添加剂,其外形为梳型、星型、微胶型及以上构造的组合。该添加剂上多数的聚烯烃臂状物接连到一个内含脂肪族的官能基、芳香族的官能基、异原子的官能基及其组合之重复单位的骨干,而此分枝的聚合物添加剂能使燃料及/或润滑油组成物具备单一或多重功能的性质。
Abstract in simplified Chinese:下列物质之反应产物,(i)具有数均分子量不超过7500的寡聚物,且其系由一种单体或两种或多种不同单体所形成,该单体或每种单体系为乙烯系不饱和化合物,且该寡聚物或每种该单体,系视情况经部份或完全酯化,每种该单体可不含醚部份,亦可不为环戊二烯基,视情况需要,该寡聚物可以和低分子量胺反应,与(ii)乙烯系不饱和羧酸试剂(iii)之聚烯衍生物,当该寡聚物为两种单体的共寡聚物,而其中一种为直链烯烃时,该衍生物具有数均分子量为至少1600和(iv)含有至少二个-NH2和/-NH基的多胺反应,或与(v)试剂(ii)和(iv)之预形成产物反应,其中寡聚物之至少一种乙烯系不饱和化物具有可与胺反应之官能基,视情况需要,该寡聚合产物系进一步与低分子量胺反应;含有彼等之润滑剂组合物,燃料组合物和添加剂浓缩物,及该反应产物作为分散剂添加物之用途。
Abstract in simplified Chinese:本发明关于一种制造于聚合物主链以及接枝层中含有分散剂重复单元的经接枝之聚(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯(PAMA)的方法,该聚合物系以低硫含量为特征,关于以此方法可取得的产物及彼等作为燃料(尤其为中间馏出物和其掺合物)之添加剂的用途。本发明进一步关于包含根据本发明的方法所制得的经接枝之聚(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯的组成物及该组成物作为燃料(尤其为中间馏出物和其掺合物)之添加剂组份及改进燃料油和燃料油组成物(尤其为中间馏出物燃料和其掺合物)之冷流动性质的用途。
Abstract in simplified Chinese:本发明提供包含经氢化及官能基化之共轭二烯聚合物之分散剂及分散剂黏度指数改良剂。分散剂物质包含含有二种不同共轭二烯之共聚物,对-烷基苯乙烯与共轭二烯之共聚物,或共轭二烯之均聚物之组成物。将聚合物选择性氢化,而产生允许高度选择性官能基化之具有高度控制量之不饱和度之聚合物。亦提供润滑剂液体,如矿物油与合成油,其已借由本发明之分散剂物质对其分散性及/或黏度性质予以改质。亦提供对润滑流体如:矿物与合成润滑油之分散性及/或黏度性质改质之方法。分散剂物质亦可包含载体流体,以提供分散剂浓缩物。